diff --git a/src/main/java/com/hlab/yanalyst/service/YoutubeCommentService.java b/src/main/java/com/hlab/yanalyst/service/YoutubeCommentService.java
index 73169e1..7dcfea1 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/hlab/yanalyst/service/YoutubeCommentService.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/hlab/yanalyst/service/YoutubeCommentService.java
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 package com.hlab.yanalyst.service;
 
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
 import com.hlab.yanalyst.global.schedule.YoutubeQuotaGuard;
 import com.hlab.yanalyst.web.dto.CommentCardDto;
 import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
-import org.springframework.web.client.HttpClientErrorException;
+import org.springframework.web.client.RestClientResponseException;
 import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
 import org.springframework.web.util.UriComponentsBuilder;
 
@@ -30,6 +31,8 @@ public class YoutubeCommentService {
     /** 응답 크기/쿼터 보호용 최대 페이지 수 (페이지당 최대 100개). */
     private static final int MAX_PAGES = 5;
 
+    private static final ObjectMapper MAPPER = new ObjectMapper();
+
     public List<CommentCardDto> fetchComments(String urlOrId) {
         String videoId = YoutubeVideoIdParser.parse(urlOrId);
         if (videoId == null) {
@@ -56,11 +59,10 @@ public class YoutubeCommentService {
             JsonNode root;
             try {
                 root = restTemplate.getForObject(b.build().encode().toUri(), JsonNode.class);
-            } catch (HttpClientErrorException.Forbidden e) {
-                if (result.isEmpty()) {
-                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("이 영상은 댓글이 비활성화되어 있거나 접근할 수 없습니다.");
-                }
-                break;
+            } catch (RestClientResponseException e) {
+                // 일부라도 모았으면 그걸로 반환(다음 페이지 실패는 무시)
+                if (!result.isEmpty()) break;
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(messageFor(extractReason(e.getResponseBodyAsString())));
             }
 
             if (root == null || !root.has("items")) break;
@@ -84,4 +86,30 @@ public class YoutubeCommentService {
 
         return result;
     }
+
+    /** YouTube 오류 응답 본문에서 error.errors[0].reason 추출. 실패 시 null. */
+    private static String extractReason(String body) {
+        if (body == null || body.isBlank()) return null;
+        try {
+            JsonNode errs = MAPPER.readTree(body).path("error").path("errors");
+            if (errs.isArray() && errs.size() > 0) {
+                String reason = errs.get(0).path("reason").asText(null);
+                if (reason != null && !reason.isBlank()) return reason;
+            }
+        } catch (Exception ignore) {
+            // 본문이 JSON이 아니면 reason 없음
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /** YouTube 오류 reason → 사용자용 안내 메시지. */
+    private static String messageFor(String reason) {
+        if ("commentsDisabled".equals(reason)) {
+            return "이 영상은 댓글이 비활성화되어 있습니다.";
+        }
+        if ("quotaExceeded".equals(reason) || "dailyLimitExceeded".equals(reason) || "rateLimitExceeded".equals(reason)) {
+            return "YouTube API 일일 쿼터를 초과했습니다. 잠시 후 다시 시도해주세요.";
+        }
+        return "YouTube API 호출에 실패했습니다" + (reason != null ? " (" + reason + ")" : "") + ".";
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/hlab/yanalyst/service/YoutubeCommentServiceTest.java b/src/test/java/com/hlab/yanalyst/service/YoutubeCommentServiceTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff41e2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/com/hlab/yanalyst/service/YoutubeCommentServiceTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+package com.hlab.yanalyst.service;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
+import com.hlab.yanalyst.global.schedule.YoutubeQuotaGuard;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
+import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
+import org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils;
+import org.springframework.web.client.HttpClientErrorException;
+import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
+
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyLong;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
+
+class YoutubeCommentServiceTest {
+
+    private YoutubeCommentService newService(RestTemplate rt) {
+        YoutubeQuotaGuard guard = mock(YoutubeQuotaGuard.class);
+        when(guard.tryConsume(anyLong())).thenReturn(true);
+        YoutubeCommentService svc = new YoutubeCommentService(rt, guard);
+        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(svc, "youtubeApiKey", "TEST_KEY");
+        return svc;
+    }
+
+    private HttpClientErrorException apiError(HttpStatus status, String reason) {
+        String body = "{\"error\":{\"code\":" + status.value()
+                + ",\"message\":\"x\",\"errors\":[{\"reason\":\"" + reason + "\"}]}}";
+        return HttpClientErrorException.create(status, status.getReasonPhrase(),
+                HttpHeaders.EMPTY, body.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void commentsDisabled_throwsDisabledMessage() {
+        RestTemplate rt = mock(RestTemplate.class);
+        when(rt.getForObject(any(URI.class), eq(JsonNode.class)))
+                .thenThrow(apiError(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, "commentsDisabled"));
+        IllegalArgumentException ex = assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> newService(rt).fetchComments("dQw4w9WgXcQ"));
+        assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("비활성화"), ex.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void quotaExceeded_throwsQuotaMessage_notDisabled() {
+        RestTemplate rt = mock(RestTemplate.class);
+        when(rt.getForObject(any(URI.class), eq(JsonNode.class)))
+                .thenThrow(apiError(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, "quotaExceeded"));
+        IllegalArgumentException ex = assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> newService(rt).fetchComments("dQw4w9WgXcQ"));
+        assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("쿼터"), ex.getMessage());
+        assertFalse(ex.getMessage().contains("비활성화"), ex.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void invalidKey_throwsMeaningfulMessage_notDisabled() {
+        RestTemplate rt = mock(RestTemplate.class);
+        when(rt.getForObject(any(URI.class), eq(JsonNode.class)))
+                .thenThrow(apiError(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "keyInvalid"));
+        IllegalArgumentException ex = assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> newService(rt).fetchComments("dQw4w9WgXcQ"));
+        assertFalse(ex.getMessage().contains("비활성화"), ex.getMessage());
+        assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("keyInvalid"), ex.getMessage());
+    }
+}